Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 14, Verse 13
अप्रकाशोऽप्रवृत्तिश्च प्रमादो मोह एव च । तमस्येतानि जायन्ते विवृद्धे कुरुनन्दन
aprakāśo'pravṛttiśca pramādo moha eva ca | tamasyetāni jāyante vivṛddhe kurunandana
Translation
Darkness, heedlessness, inertness, and error — these arise when Tamas is predominant, O descendant of Kuru.
— Alladi Mahadeva Sastri
Word meanings
- aprakāśaḥ
- darkness
- apravṛttiḥ
- non-forthgoing
- ca
- and
- pramādaḥ
- heedlessness
- mohaḥ
- delusion
- eva
- even
- ca
- and
- tamasi
- in (the state of) inertia
- etāni
- these
- jāyante
- are born
- vivṛddhe
- (in having become) increased
- kurunandana
- O rejoicer of the Kurus
Śaṅkarācārya's commentary
Darkness: absence of discrimination. Inertness: extreme inactivity, the result of darkness. Heedlessness and error are also the effects of darkness.