Bhagavad Gita, Chapter 4, Verse 28

द्रव्ययज्ञास्तपोयज्ञा योगयज्ञास्तथापरे । स्वाध्यायज्ञानयज्ञाश्च यतयः संशितव्रताः

dravyayajñāstapoyajñā yogayajñāstathāpare | svādhyāyajñānayajñāśca yatayaḥ saṃśitavratāḥ

Translation

Others are sacrificers by their wealth, sacrificers by austerity, sacrificers by Yogas, sacrificers by reading and knowledge, ascetics of rigid vows.

— Alladi Mahadeva Sastri

Word meanings

dravyayajñāḥ

by substances, sacrifice, whose, they

tapoyajñāḥ

by austerity, sacrifice, whose, they

yogayajñāḥ

yoga, sacrifice, whose, they

tathā

so

apare

others

svādhyāyajñānayajñāḥ

study, and, knowledge, and, sacrifice, whose, they

ca

and

yatayaḥ

the restrained (anchorites)

saṃśitavratāḥ

sharp (difficult), vows, whose, they

Śaṅkarācārya's commentary

Of others, some sacrifice by way of giving away their wealth to the deserving; some by austerity; some by Yoga, comprising such practices as Prāṇāyāma (restraint of vital airs) and Pratyāhāra (withdrawal of the mind from external objects); some by way of repeating Vedic texts such as the Ṛg-Veda according to prescribed rules; some by way of studying the contents of the Scriptures (śāstra).